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Hypertension

Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure level is consistently too high than it should be which means beyond normal. The normal blood pressure level change according to the progress of science, especially in the field of medicine. Indonesian Hypertension Specialist Society (namely the association consisting of cardiologists, nephrologists, neurologists who is under auspices of Indonesian Doctors Association, Indonesian Cardiologist Association, Indonesian Nephrologist Association, Indonesian Neurologist Association) has updated the guidelines for hypertension in Indonesia called the Consensus for Managing Hypertension 2019.

This consensus is a synthesis of various international guidelines created including consideration of local factors, government policies, and should be easy to be implemented. Therefore, it has been agreed that in Indonesia what is meant by hypertension is when the systolic blood pressure is more than or equal to 140 mmHg and / or the diastolic blood pressure is more than or equal to 90 mmHg on repeated measurements in the clinic.

The following table is the categorization of hypertension based on blood pressure:

CATEGORY Systolic (mmHg)   Diastolic (mmHg)
Optimal < 120 and < 80
Normal 120 - 129 and/or 80 - 84
High normal 130 - 139 and/or 85 - 89
Hypertension grade 1 140 - 159 and/or 90 - 99
Hypertension grade 2 160 - 179 and/or 100 - 109
Hypertension grade 3 > 180 and/or > 110
Isolated systolic hypertension > 140 and < 90

In general, hypertension cannot be felt and there is no obvious symptoms. Therefore, this is often not realized and even underestimated by the patient. If this not be treated, it can lead to severe health complications and also death.

Complications that occur if not addressed immediately:

  1. Damage to arteries (vessels that drain blood from the heart to all parts of the body including the  coronary vessels)
  2. Heart damage
  3. Stroke
  4. Kidney damage
  5. Eye damage
  6. Metabolic syndrome
  7. Forgetful and unfocused
  8. Sexual dysfunction
Therefore, it is better to prevent than cure by:

  1. Regularly check your health and blood pressure to the doctor and follow doctor's instructions
  2. Implement a healthy lifestyle
    • Eat healthy food
    • Positive thinking
    • Maintain ideal body weight
    • Regular exercise
    • Actively moving
    • Reduce salt and sugar
    • Stop smoking
    • Stop alcohol

This paper cannot replace the role or advice of health workers. All the decisions you make must be discussed with your healthcare provider, regarding your specific medical needs.

Writter: Alex Pattinasarany

Reference:

  1. Konsensus Penatalaksanaan Hipertensi 2019 - Perhimpunan Dokter Hipertensi Indonesia
  2. Hypertension, World Health Organization, 2019, 2020, who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
  3. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)-Symptoms-Causes, Mayoclinic, 2020, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/symptoms-causes/syc-20373410